各位小伙伴出国留学后，
presentation是上课的必备技能，
今天Vicky带大家学习
如何完美搞定presentation!
超级实用的建议，
抓紧学习啦！
※ 四天搞定Presentation
搞定presentation的第一步就是先计划用几天来完成准备工作；
建议至少在正式发言的前4天进行准备，如此才能充分的准备材料及练习，最终能够自信并流畅地发言。
将需要准备的内容分解为几个小任务，并划分哪一天需要完成哪一部分。
Day 1 阅读并研究发言时需要用到的基础材料
先略读一下文本材料，然后再进行细致的分析，标注一些重要的论点以及相关陈述。
文本分析很重要，它可以使你了解报告的整体框架以及你将要表达的主题。
如下所示：
Should machines be used to do good and services instead humans? I believe they should not for many reasons. Machines can not be smart unless a human is controling it. So it would not matter if its an intelligent machine or not a human is still controlling it to do everything.
When using a machine it could easily malfunction and it could be hard to fix the problem or it will just take a while to fix it. If a human is taking over instead of the machine there may be fewer problems. Machines have so many problems that it would not be worth having.
Also, the more machines you have the less jobs there are for people because everyone thinks it would be better to have machines instead of people. When less people are out of work that means less money for those people and sometimes they will lose their homes or cars because they can not afford anything.
Sometimes working with machines can be very stressful because they may not work at times or they could be running extremely slow and won’t get anything done. Machines are not smart at all, only when people are controlling them they are but not all the time. It may seem smart but its really not.
In conclusion, I think machines should not be used to take over a human job because machines can not think only humans can think and make right or wrong decisions. Machines do not have brains, their not wired to think so why have them do stuff that we can do ourselves.
一定要确保自己理解要讲的基本内容，
否则就会整段垮掉!
分析文本时，可借助外部资源或辅助工具，如网络搜索相关背景资料和故事，进一步完善对主题的认识和了解。
举个栗子，
如果碰到拿不准意思的词，一定要查字典，并仔细研究主题，没有什么比在发言时连自己都不认识、讲不出来那个词条的意思，导致磕磕巴巴而更尴尬的事情了！！！
然后再开始创造性地打造属于自己风格的presentation！
Day 2 着手准备发言的内容大纲
这正是体现你创造力的地方，理解材料的大致内容后，你就可以自由地决定按照什么顺序来陈述不同的观点和前提以及以什么方式来解释观点，比如正式地陈述主题的定义or 举一些相关的例子。
如下图所示：
Introduction
Asking a leading question. ; relay something enticing about the subject in a manner that commands attention. Start with a related quote,alluring description or narrition.
Body
A. First point,Assertion，Explanation
1.Supporting evidence(examples, facts,statistics,details, reasons
2. Supporting evidence
B. Second explanation
1.Support
2.Support
C. Third explanation
1.Support
2. Support
D. Fourth explanation(continue as above with additional explanations as needed. )
1.Support
2.Support
E. Your proposal (if applicable)
F. Address opposing viewpoints
Closing
Showing how explanations (causes) are logical reasons producing the effects discussed; review subject X and subject Y ; reiterate your assertion and proposition(if applicable). Reemphasize your thesis in a fresh way, showing how your have achieved your purpose. If you intend to draw to a conclusion about one subject over the other, emphasize that point.
A. Deal with opposing views unless done above in Secion F.
B. Appeal to the reader to see how your have come to a logical conclusion .
C. Make a memorable final statement.
Day 3 正式起草最后的发言稿
将主要内容在电脑上敲下来，这样有什么新的想法时可以随时添加。
尽量使自己的发言稿内容丰富并且深入，每一段标注序号；
另外再制定一个简单提纲，提纲的内容就是每一段的主题。
在演讲时，可以把提纲放在跟前提示自己，保证发言的顺畅。
如果忘了提纲上某个主题的具体在讲什么，可以根据提纲上主题的序号找到发言稿上的对应段落，激活自己的记忆！
如下图所示：
Outline
1.The sociality of translation
2.The cultural attribute of transaltion
3. Sign conversation of translation
4. The creativity of transaltion
5. The historical attribute of translation
Day4 练习发言稿
现在文本分析很完整，你也很清楚发言的整体结构，唯一要做的就是确保自己能不遗漏重要的点，准确流畅地展示出来。
练习发言时，建议设置一个闹钟，你可以根据发言稿长度设定大约时间，也可以根据自己能在多长时间内完整地阐述内容来设定。
使用计时器可以保证你快速地陈述观点，从而彰显发言的流利度。
发言不要太长！否则会失去同学们或老师的注意力，
也不要太短！这样可能会无法准确完整地传达主题内容。
使用计时器并大声阐述的另一好处是可以判断发言稿哪一部分是有用的，哪一部分是多余的。如果你发现哪一部分信息是没有必要的或者很无聊，直接减掉，这样做一般会缩减20%的篇幅！
※ 克服发言的恐惧感
很多童鞋对Vicky倾诉，
因为英语不是母语，
在发言时总是很紧张，
害怕犯错闹笑话，
有的小伙伴甚至
一上讲台就大脑缺氧
恶心呕吐.......
Vicky 偷偷告诉你一些秘诀，
拯救这些尴尬症状，
自信嗨翻全场！
公开发言恐惧症（glossophobia）是美国第一恐惧症，也就是绝大多数人都有"病"，就连很多名人，如美国总统托马斯·杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)、圣雄甘地（Gandhi）都曾遭受困扰，所以小伙伴们不要过多地给自己消极暗示，一味地打击自己。
下面来看一段女神艾玛·沃森（Emma Watson）在联合国的He For She演讲：
我们可以看到，女神刚开始也是很紧张的，语速稍微有点快，但之后就越来越自信了。
如果仔细观察，你会发现女神用了“小心机”来克服自己的紧张。
例如控制呼吸、停顿、放慢语速、强调个别词汇等等。
所以紧张并不是无药可救，
童鞋们不要逃避，
要积极地利用一些方法来消除这些障碍，
依然做回美美的自己！
Step1 放松自己，控制呼吸
大家可以一起做下面2个练习：
Exercise 1 学会放松
尝试想象一个可以让你感到放松的场景，给自己一种画面感，一旦你能够很熟悉地回忆这个场景，上台前就可以把自己带到这个场景中，使自己安静下来。
Exercise 2 熟悉发言场地
陌生未知往往会带来紧张感，因此要提前熟悉一下自己要发言的场合，在场地中四处走动并排练一下大声发言，让你的声音充满整个空间。
Step2 做好keynote
很多童鞋容易忘词，一忘词就更加紧张了。提前做好Keynote，可以让自己理清整个发言逻辑和架构，即使忘词，也能根据关键提示圆回来。
Step3 排练“台本”，把控发言细节
在发言前，可以把上台时要说的每一句话、要做的每一个动作写出来，标注在稿子上，例如标注移动、在什么地方进行强调或停顿、手势和互动的时间等。
带着肢体动作和情绪进行排练，可以斟酌用词是不是足够口语化、语言风格适不适合自己等。
※ 积累实用英文表达
学了那么多“计谋”，
在具体的发言中，
还需要掌握一些“套话”，
帮助你更好滴传达观点，
总之，要hold全场，
这些话必须说得666！
（以下内容整理自网络）
开场白
❶ 在正式场合做Presentation, 需要隆重一点的开场白：
◆Ladies and gentlemen. It's an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.
◆Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to you about…
◆ I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...
❷ 如果是轻松场合，则可以随意一些：
◆ I'm glad you could all get there.
◆ Hello again, everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.
概述
开场白说完后，就该简单介绍发言的主要内容、时长以及你准备如何回答问题。
❶ 引起听众的兴趣
◆I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.
◆My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...
◆At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...
◆I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...
◆the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...
◆Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...
◆By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...
❷主题
◆The subject of my presentation is...
◆I shall be speaking today about...
◆My presentation concerns...
◆ Today's topic is...
◆Today we are here to give a presentation on...
❸ 发言长度
◆During the next ten minutes, I shall...
◆ My presentation will last for about ten minutes...
◆I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief
◆ I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...
❹概要
◆There are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)
◆We all ought to be aware of the following points.
◆I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with…, the second part concerns ...
❺ 欢迎提问
◆Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.
◆If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.
◆I'd be glad to answer any questions at the end of the my talk.
主体部分
❶ 在发言中，时不时地提醒你所讲的内容和他们的利益、兴趣密切相关。
◆As I said at the beginning...
◆As you remember, we are concerned with......
◆This ties in with my original statement...
◆This relates directly to the question I put to yu before......
❷ 确保观众跟上你的思路
你所讲的内容对于观众是陌生的，因此当你转到下一个点时，你要通过一些表达来提醒观众知晓。
◆I'd now like to move on to...
◆I'd like to turn to...
◆Now I'd like to look at...
◆This leads to me next point...
◆we all ought to be aware of the following points...
❸ 引导观众看PPT
精心制作的PPT，当然要好好滴介绍给观众：
◆This graph shows you...
◆Take a look at this ....
◆If you look at this, you will see.....
◆This chart illustrates the figures......
◆As you can see .....
This clearly shows......
总结语
展示的最后，做个总结并重复一下所讲的要点。
◆I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of......
◆I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...
◆In conclusion, I'd like to...
◆I'd like to finish by...
◆I hope you have found this useful....
◆That concludes our presentation...
◆That brings me to the end of my presentation. I've talked about....
挑战观众提问
❶ 感谢大家，并邀请他们提问
◆You have bee a very attentive audience.Thank you.
◆Thank you for listening-and now if there are any questions, I would be pleased to answer them.
◆Thank for your attention,I'd be glad to answer any questions you might have.
❷ 重述一下问题，一方面可以确认自己是否理解了问题，另一方面可以给自己时间来思考。
◆Thank you.So you would like further clarification on our strategy?
◆That's an interesting question. How we are going to get voluntary redundancy?
◆Thank you for asking. What's our plan for next year?
❸ 回答完毕后，确认提问者是否满意。
◆Does this answer your question?
◆I hope this explains the situation for you .
◆I hope this was what you wanted to hear!
❹ 如果不知道怎么回答，就说不知道，承认无知要比妄自揣测要好！
◆That's an interesting question，I don't actually know off the top of my head(一时地）,but I'll try to get back to you later with an answer.
◆I'm afraid I'm unable to answer that at the moment. Perhaps I can get back to you later.
◆That's a good question. However, we don't have any figures on that, so I can't give you an accurate answer.
◆ Unfortunately, I'm not the best person to answer that.
遇到各种状况
❶ 观众没听懂？重新表述一下刚才说的话。
◆Let me just say that in another way.
◆Perhaps I can rephrase that.
◆Put it another way, this means......
❷ 用声音来表现
声音不能太单调，观众会厌倦，语速不能太快，观众会走神。
通过语速和语气的变化，有助于抓住观众的注意力。
强调重点词语，在适当的地方停顿。
The first strategy involves getting to know our market/ and finding out what they want./ Customer surveys/ as well as staff training/ will help us do this.
总之，
关于公众场合发言这件事呢，
Vicky只有一句话：
Don't be shy,have a plan, just try!
各位小伙伴，
关于presentation有什么疑问
欢迎评论区留言哦！
